The core technology of new energy vehicles is the battery that provides energy, and the battery life and charging speed are the bottlenecks in the development of battery technology today. After years of development, the current types of lithium batteries include lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium titanate, lithium cobaltate, ternary materials, etc. Due to energy performance and rare metal costs, lithium manganate, lithium titanate and Lithium cobalt oxide batteries have gradually become a niche choice, while lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium batteries have been more widely used. But what is the difference between the two? What kind of battery is your car? Today we will talk about lithium batteries. Ternary lithium battery The full name of the ternary lithium battery is "ternary material battery", which generally refers to a lithium battery using nickel-cobalt lithium manganate (Li(NiCoMn)O2, NCM) or nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate (NCA) ternary positive electrode material Salt, cobalt salt, and manganese salt are adjusted differently as three different component ratios, so it is called "ternary", which includes many types of batteries with different ratios. In terms of shape, it can be divided into soft-pack batteries, cylindrical batteries and square hard-shell batteries. Its nominal voltage can reach 3.6-3.8V, relatively high energy density, high voltage platform, high tap density, long cruising range, high output power, poor high temperature stability, but excellent low temperature performance, and relatively high cost. Lithium iron phosphate battery Lithium iron phosphate batteries use lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) as the positive electrode material. Iron is used as the battery raw material. The cost is low, and the second is free of heavy metals, which has less environmental pollution. The working voltage is 3.2V. The P-O bond in the lithium iron phosphate crystal is stable, so there will be no leakage during zero-voltage storage, and the safety is very high under high temperature conditions or overcharge, fast charging, high discharge power, no memory effect, and high cycle life. The disadvantages are poor low-temperature performance, low tap density and low energy density of positive electrode materials, and the yield and consistency of products have also been questioned. Both types of batteries have their own advantages and disadvantages Under high temperature conditions, the ternary material of the ternary lithium battery will decompose at 200 ° C, produce a violent chemical reaction, release oxygen atoms, and easily burn or explode under high temperature, so based on safety considerations In January 2016, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of my country issued a special document to temporarily limit the use of ternary lithium batteries to pure electric buses. The decomposition temperature of lithium phosphate batteries is 800 ° C, which is less likely to catch fire and has relatively high safety.Please check:https://www.aimeno.com/ Under low temperature conditions (air temperature below -10°C), lithium phosphate batteries decay very quickly. After less than 100 charge and discharge cycles, the battery capacity will drop to 20% of the initial capacity, which is basically insulated from the use in cold regions; The ternary lithium battery has excellent low-temperature performance, and can maintain normal battery capacity at -30°C, which is more suitable for use in low-temperature areas in the north. From the perspective of manufacturing cost, the cobalt element necessary for ternary lithium batteries has less reserves in my country, and most of them are imported from overseas, which is greatly affected by market fluctuations. Therefore, the cost of ternary lithium batteries must remain high, while lithium iron phosphate The raw materials needed for batteries do not need to be imported, the supply is sufficient, the price is stable, and the cost is relatively low. Under the experimental conditions, after 5000 cycles of lithium iron phosphate battery, the remaining capacity is 84%, and 1C (1C means the current intensity when the battery is fully discharged for one hour) can still maintain more than 80% of the initial capacity after 5000 cycles; ternary lithium After 3900 cycles of the battery, the remaining capacity is only 66%, and after 2500 cycles at 1C, it drops to 80% of the initial capacity. In comparison, the cycle life of lithium phosphate batteries is much longer than that of ternary lithium batteries. In addition, the energy density of lithium iron phosphate batteries is 120Wh/kg, which has basically reached the theoretical extreme, while the energy density of ternary batteries is 180Wh/kg, and there is still a lot of room for improvement in the future.Please check:https://www.aminobattery.com/lithium-battery/202.html prospect Japan's Panasonic, South Korea's LG Chem, Samsung SDI, etc. have mostly adopted the technical route of ternary lithium batteries. For example, the new energy giant Tesla has adopted Panasonic's nickel-cobalt lithium aluminate ternary lithium battery, which is the so-called NCA. ModelX uses a Panasonic 18650 battery pack, while the latest MODEL3 uses a larger capacity 21700 cylindrical battery pack. Domestic new energy automobile companies mostly used lithium iron phosphate batteries as energy sources due to cost problems in the early stage. For example, BYD and other companies are the main manufacturers of lithium iron phosphate batteries, and have launched many star products such as Qin, Tang, and Song. Nowadays, due to the improvement of the country's subsidy standards such as cruising range, the market share of ternary lithium batteries is gradually increasing. write at the end In the competition with lithium iron phosphate batteries, the safety of ternary lithium batteries needs to be improved. This has always been a shadow in the minds of auto companies. Even Tesla ModelX, a technologically leading product, has been tested many times at home and abroad. There was an accident in which the battery pack caught fire. But in the long run, ternary lithium batteries have the incomparable characteristics of high energy density and low temperature resistance of lithium iron phosphate batteries. In the future of new energy vehicle development, ternary lithium batteries will completely replace The current market position of lithium iron phosphate will become the general trend in the new energy market.